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Targeting Proteostasis Pathways for Cancer Therapy
Xiaofeng Dai, Ruohan Lyu, Guanqun Ge
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101287
[Abstract](0) [PDF 0KB](0)
Abstract:
The critical role of protein disequilibrium in driving carcinogenesis has long been recognized. Though several inhibitors of heat shock protein (HSP) family members have entered clinical trials, none of them have been approved for clinical use as a result of inevitable toxicity, leading to the identification of safer therapeutic approaches sharing a similar efficacy relevant and urgent. Through delineating the role of HSP90 inhibitors in arresting cancer hallmarks, this paper identified HSP90 inhibition as an effective therapeutic strategy capable of concomitantly targeting multiple key transformed properties of cancers via modulating cellular proteostasis. Through interrogating intrinsic connections between proteostasis and redox homeostasis, this paper proposed cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a possible alternative of HSP90 inhibitors with little adverse effects. This paper extended the therapeutic spectrum of HSP90 inhibitors and CAP to inflammation-driven pathologies including autoimmune diseases, as inflammation is a manifestation of failed proteostasis. These insights may conceptually advance our understandings on the driving force of cancers that can be easily extended to other disorders originated from imbalanced proteostasis and abnormal inflammation. Tools proposed here for inhibiting HSP90 including CAP and its possible synergy with HSP90 inhibitors may shift the current treatment paradigm to a new avenue in oncology and other relevant fields.
Metformin alleviates renal tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by activating mitophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis via HIF-1α/MIOX signaling
Qinrui Wu, Yanyan Zhao, Fengjuan Huang
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101284
[Abstract](0) [PDF 38507KB](0)
Abstract:
Renal tubular injury has emerged as a critical factor in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Given renal tubules’ high mitochondrial density and susceptibility to mitochondrial dysregulation and ferroptosis, targeting these pathways could offer therapeutic potential. Metformin (MET), a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exerts reno-protective effects by improving mitochondrial function and attenuating fibrosis; however, its role in regulating ferroptosis in DKD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of MET in modulating mitophagy and ferroptosis in diabetic kidneys. In diabetic mouse models, MET notably alleviated tubular injury by promoting mitophagy and reducing ferroptosis, as shown by increasing levels of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin, while decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron content. Mechanistically, MET downregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)/myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) signaling axis in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), thereby restoring mitophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis. These findings demonstrate that MET mitigates diabetic renal injury by promoting mitophagy and countering ferroptosis via suppressing the HIF-1α/MIOX pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for halting DKD progression.
Regulated cell death in age-related macular degeneration: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Le-Le Zhang, Jia-Mei Yu, Zhong-Xi Fan, Wen-Qi Xie, Liang Zou, Feiya Sheng
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101285
[Abstract](0) [PDF 8928KB](0)
Abstract:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a predominant cause of blindness among older adults, with limited therapeutic options currently available. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and retinal pigment epithelium injury are recognized as key contributors to the pathogenesis of AMD. Regulated cell death plays a pivotal role in mediating cellular responses to stress, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and contributing to disease progression. Recent research has elucidated several regulated cell death pathways—such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy—that may contribute in the progression of AMD owing to cell death in the retinal pigment epithelium. These discoveries open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in patients with AMD. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the latest advancements regarding the relationship between regulated cell death and AMD. Moreover, we examined the therapeutic potential of targeting regulated cell death pathways for the treatment and prevention of AMD, highlighting their roles as promising targets for future therapeutic strategies.
Suppression of LIF in tumor-associated macrophages contributing to the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma
Shuangshuang Yin, Yanming Luo, Miaomiao Jiang, Lifeng Han, Sibao Chen, Leilei Fu, Yuling Qiu, Haiyang Yu
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101286
[Abstract](0) [PDF 1058KB](0)
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Mitochondrial membrane chromatography: Discovery of mitochondrial targeting modulators
Wu Su, Yu Kong, Hua Li, Yongyao Wang, Lizhuo Wang, Le Shi, Huaizhen He, Shengli Han, Hui Guo, Jiankang Liu, Jiangang Long
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101272
[Abstract](10) [PDF 15928KB](0)
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Mitochondria are fundamental organelles that play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, substance metabolism, and various essential cellular signaling pathways. The dysfunction of mitochondria is significantly implicated in the onset and progression of aging, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and tumors, thereby rendering mitochondria-targeted regulation, a vital strategy for disease prevention and treatment. The recently developed mitochondrial membrane chromatography (MMC) technique, which immobilizes mitochondrial proteins as a chromatographic separation medium, has shown great potential for efficiently screening mitochondria-targeted modulators from complex compound library. In contrast to traditional screening methods, MMC has no need to purify mitochondrial proteins and can preserve its in situ and physiological conformation. Consequently, it presents broader application prospects for screening mitochondrial modulators as well as investigating receptor-ligand interactions involving any target protein associated with mitochondria. This review aims to elucidate the critical role of mitochondria in the development and progression of major chronic diseases, discuss recent advancements and applications of MMC, and propose future directions for MMC in the identification of novel mitochondrial modulators.
Dexamethasone palmitate-loaded sHDL nanodiscs: Enhanced efficacy and safety in allergic conjunctivitis
Jiawei Li, Pengyue Liu, Yue Zhang, Fan Yang
 doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101276
[Abstract](13) [PDF 8034KB](0)
Abstract:
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common ocular surface condition. Although corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents for its management, their use is often restricted by potential side effects. Conventional eye drops face challenges such as short retention time and poor corneal permeability, resulting in low drug bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, we developed a preservative-free synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanodisc eye drop containing dexamethasone palmitate. This novel formulation enhances drug stability and extends retention time on the ocular surface. In a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic conjunctivitis, the nanodisc eye drop significantly alleviated symptoms while reducing corticosteroid concentration, demonstrating excellent safety and biocompatibility. This innovative approach shows great promise for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and may lay the groundwork for new therapeutic strategies in anterior ocular disease management.
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Review paper
Application of spectroscopic technology with machine learning in Chinese herbs from seeds to medicinal materials: The case of genus Paris
Yangna Feng, Xinyan Zhu, Yuanzhong Wang
2025, 15(2): 101103.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101103
Abstract(71) HTML Full Text PDF(6)
Abstract:

To ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbs, it is of great significance to conduct rapid quality detection of Chinese herbs at every link of their supply chain. Spectroscopic technology can reflect the overall chemical composition and structural characteristics of Chinese herbs, with the multi-component and multitarget characteristics of Chinese herbs. This review took the genus Paris as an example, and applications of spectroscopic technology with machine learning (ML) in supply chain of the genus Paris from seeds to medicinal materials were introduced. The specific contents included the confirmation of germplasm resources, identification of growth years, cultivar, geographical origin, and original processing and processing methods. The potential application of spectroscopic technology in genus Paris was pointed out, and the prospects of combining spectroscopic technology with blockchain were proposed. The summary and prospects presented in this paper will be beneficial to the quality control of the genus Paris in all links of its supply chain, so as to rationally use the genus Paris resources and ensure the safety and efficacy of medication.

Application of lipidomics in the study of traditional Chinese medicine
Yang Yang, Guangyi Yang, Wenpeng Zhang, Lingyi Xin, Jing Zhu, Hangtian Wang, Baodong Feng, Renyan Liu, Shuya Zhang, Yuanwu Cui, Qinhua Chen, Dean Guo
2025, 15(2): 101083.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101083
Abstract(115) HTML Full Text PDF(9)
Abstract:

Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types, functions, and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms. This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact, identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states. Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics, researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions, assessing drug efficacy, understanding mechanisms of action and toxicity, and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment. This manuscript assesses recent literature, summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research. It delineates the efficacy, mechanisms, and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine. Additionally, it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine, aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field. Ultimately, this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology, promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

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Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19
Xiaowei Li, Manman Geng, Yizhao Peng, Liesu Meng, Shemin Lu
2020, 10(2): 102-108.  
[Abstract](1902) [PDF 2284KB](24)
摘要:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coro-navirus (MERS-CoV) in the twenty-first century. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Structural basis of SARS-CoV-23CLpro and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants
Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar, Safar M.Alqahtani, Mubarak A.Alamri, Ling-Ling Chen
2020, 10(4): 313-319.  
[Abstract](7834) [PDF 5841KB](61)
摘要:
The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised global health concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. 3CLpro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Therefore, herein, we analysed the 3CLpro sequence, constructed its 3D homology model, and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal compounds. Our analyses revealed that the top nine hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development process to combat COVID-19.
Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus
Minzhe Shen, Ying Zhou, Jiawei Ye, Abdu Ahmed Abdullah AL-maskri, Yu Kang, Su Zeng, Sheng Cai
2020, 10(2): 97-101.  
[Abstract](1792) [PDF 2697KB](19)
摘要:
The recent pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a great threat to global public health. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. It is important to establish a quick standard diagnostic test for the detection of the infectious disease (COVID-19) to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is regarded as a gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections with high sensitivity and specificity. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification is considered to be a highly promising candidate method due to its fundamental advantage in quick procedure time at constant temperature without thermocycler opera-tion. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. This review summarizes the currently available detection methods for coronavirus nucleic acid. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coro-navirus infection.
Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis:A review
Ping Cui, Sicen Wang
2019, 9(4): 238-247.  
[Abstract](396) [PDF 5845KB](19)
摘要:
The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and dis-cusses the potential future development in this field.
Research advances in the detection of miRNA
Jiawei Ye, Mingcheng Xu, Xueke Tian, Sheng Cai, Su Zeng
2019, 9(4): 217-226.  
[Abstract](746) [PDF 6429KB](20)
摘要:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small (approximately 22 nucleotides in length), noncoding, functional RNAs. With the development of molecular biology, the research of miRNA bio-logical function has attracted significant interest, as abnormal miRNA expression is identified to contribute to serious human diseases such as cancers. Traditional methods for miRNA detection do not meet current demands. In particular, nanomaterial-based methods, nucleic acid amplification-based methods such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), strand-displacement amplification (SDA) and some enzyme-free amplifications have been employed widely for the highly sensitive detection of miRNA. MiRNA functional research and clinical diagnostics have been accelerated by these new techniques. Herein, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the development of miRNA detection methods and new applications. This review will provide guidelines for the development of follow-up miRNA detection methods with high sensitivity and spec-ificity, and applicability to disease diagnosis and therapy.
Carbon nanotubes:Evaluation of toxicity at biointerfaces
Debashish Mohanta, Soma Patnaik, Sanchit Sood, Nilanjan Das
2019, 9(5): 293-300.  
[Abstract](593) [PDF 3216KB](14)
摘要:
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a class of carbon allotropes with interesting properties that make them productive materials for usage in various disciplines of nanotechnology such as in electronics equip-ments, optics and therapeutics. They exhibit distinguished properties viz., strength, and high electrical and heat conductivity. Their uniqueness can be attributed due to the bonding pattern present between the atoms which are very strong and also exhibit high extreme aspect ratios. CNTs are classified as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the basis of number of sidewalls present and the way they are arranged spatially. Application of CNTs to improve the performance of many products, especially in healthcare, has led to an occupational and public exposure to these nanomaterials. Hence, it becomes a major concern to analyze the issues pertaining to the toxicity of CNTs and find the best suitable ways to counter those challenges. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of CNTs in vitro and in vivo in different organ systems (bio interphases) of the body that result in cellular toxicity.
Structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins: Computational methods reveal potential drug candidates against main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase
Muhammad Usman Mirza, Matheus Froeyen
2020, 10(4): 320-328.  
[Abstract](569) [PDF 19436KB](12)
摘要:
Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and instigated a widespread fear, threatening global health safety. To date, no licensed antiviral drugs or vaccines are available against COVID-19 although several clinical trials are under way to test possible therapies. During this urgent situation, computational drug discovery methods provide an alternative to tiresome high-throughput screening, particularly in the hit-to-lead-optimization stage. Identification of small molecules that specifically target viral replication apparatus has indicated the highest potential towards antiviral drug discovery. In this work, we present potential compounds that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins, including the main protease, Nsp12 RNA polymerase and Nsp13 helicase. An integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach has facilitated the identifi-cation of potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of corresponding com-pounds. Moreover, the identification of structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site highlights relative importance of ligand binding based on residual energy decomposition analysis. Although the current study lacks experimental validation, the structural infor-mation obtained from this computational study has paved way for the design of targeted inhibitors to combat COVID-19 outbreak.
Nanodiamonds with powerful ability for drug delivery and biomedical applications: Recent updates on in vivo study and patents
Swati Chauhan, Neha Jain, Upendra Nagaich
2020, 10(1): 1-12.  
[Abstract](336) [PDF 2643KB](8)
摘要:
Nanodiamonds are novel nanosized carbon building blocks possessing varied fascinating mechanical, chemical, optical and biological properties, making them significant active moiety carriers for biomedical application. These are known as the most'captivating' crystals attributed to their chemical inertness and unique properties posing them useful for variety of applications in biomedical era. Alongside, it becomes increasingly important to find, ascertain and circumvent the negative aspects associated with nano-diamonds. Surface modification or functionalization with biological molecules plays a significant role in managing the toxic behavior since nanodiamonds have tailorable surface chemistry. To take advantage of nanodiamond potential in drug delivery, focus has to be laid on its purity, surface chemistry and other considerations which may directly or indirectly affect drug adsorption on nanodiamond and drug release in biological environment. This review emphasizes on the basic properties, synthesis techniques, surface modification techniques, toxicity issues and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds. For the devel-opment of nanodiamonds as an effective dosage form, researchers are still engaged in the in-depth study of nanodiamonds and their effect on life interfaces.
Identification and characterization of phenolics and terpenoids from ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS
Sunil Kumar, Awantika Singh, Brijesh Kumar
2017, 7(4): 214-222.  
[Abstract](859) [PDF 3923KB](423)
Abstract:
Phyllanthus species plants are a rich source of phenolics and widely used due to their medicinal properties. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for the identification and characterization of quercetin, kaempferol, ellagic acid and their derivatives in ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Thermo Betasil C8 column (250 mm×4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as the mobile phase. The identification of diagnostic fragment ions and optimization of collision energies were carried out using 21 reference standards. Totally 51 compounds were identified which include 21 compounds identified and characterized unambiguously by comparison with their authentic standards and the remaining 30 were tentatively identified and characterized in ethanolic extracts of P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. amarus and P. niruri.
Progress and prediction of multicomponent quantification in complex systems with practical LC-UV methods
Xi Chen, Zhao Yang, Yang Xu, Zhe Liu, Yanfang Liu, Yuntao Dai, Shilin Chen
2023, 13(2): 142-155.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.011
[Abstract](2402) [PDF 1336KB](1192)
Abstract:
Complex systems exist widely, including medicines from natural products, functional foods, and biological samples. The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components. In the quality evaluation of complex samples, multicomponent quantitative analysis (MCQA) is usually needed. To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products, scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the “single standard to determine multiple components (SSDMC)” approach. This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Depending on a convenient (ultra) high-performance liquid chromatography method, how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved? How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components? How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis (MCA)? These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA. First, this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years, as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation. Second, it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA, including column selection and two-dimensional chromatographic analysis technology. Finally, computer software technologies for predicting chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced, which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA. This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis, especially MCQA.
Preface for Special Issue: Single-Cell and Spatially Resolved Omics
2023, 13(7): 689-690.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.005
[Abstract](204) [PDF 229KB](102)
Abstract:
Potential of RP-UHPLC-DAD-MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of sofosbuvir in film coated tablets and profiling degradants
María del Mar Contreras, Aránzazu Morales-Soto, Antonio Segura-Carretero, Javier Valverde
2017, 7(4): 208-213.  
[Abstract](188) [PDF 2055KB](90)
Abstract:
Sofosbuvir is one of the new direct-acting antiviral drugs against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This drug has recently been launched into the market, and generic versions of the medication are expected to be produced by local drug producers in some countries. Therefore, new methods are required to control sofosbuvir in pharmaceuticals. In the present study, a new method based on reversed phase (RP)-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of sofosbuvir in film coated tablets. A wavelength of 260 nm was selected to perform a cost-effective quantification and the method showed adequate linearity, with an R2 value of 0.9998, and acceptable values of accuracy (75%–102%) and precision (residual standard deviation < 5%). The detection and quantification limits were 0.07 μg/mL and 0.36 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the use of high-resolution MS enabled us to ensure the specificity, check impurities and better sensitivity. Therefore, this methodology promises to be suitable not only for the routine analysis of sofosbuvir in pharmaceutical dosage forms, but also for potential degradants.
Natural product virtual-interact-phenotypic target characterization: A novel approach demonstrated with Salvia miltiorrhiza extract
Rui Xu, Hengyuan Yu, Yichen Wang, Boyu Li, Yong Chen, Xuesong Liu, Tengfei Xu
2025, 15(2): 101101.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101101
[Abstract](576) [PDF 6500KB](272)
Abstract:

Natural products (NPs) have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery. Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents, and corresponding targets. In the present study, an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype (NP-VIP) strategy that integrates virtual screening, chemical proteomics, and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs. This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke (IS), was used to illustrate the workflow. Utilizing virtual screening, chemical proteomics, and metabolomics, potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified, totaling 29, 100, and 78, respectively. Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets, including poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), amyloid precursor protein (APP), glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL), and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM. The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research, proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.

Editorial Board
2021, 11(6).  
[Abstract](290) [PDF 64KB](141)
Abstract:
Single-cell RNA-sequencing and subcellular spatial transcriptomics facilitate the translation of liver microphysiological systems for regulatory application
Dan Li, Zhou Fang, Qiang Shi, Nicholas Zhang, Binsheng Gong, Weida Tong, Ahmet F. Coskun, Joshua Xu
2023, 13(7): 691-693.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.013
[Abstract](741) [PDF 707KB](357)
Abstract:
Single-cell analyses reveal cannabidiol rewires tumor microenvironment via inhibiting alternative activation of macrophage and synergizes with anti-PD-1 in colon cancer
Xiaofan Sun, Lisha Zhou, Yi Wang, Guoliang Deng, Xinran Cao, Bowen Ke, Xiaoqi Wu, Yanhong Gu, Haibo Cheng, Qiang Xu, Qianming Du, Hongqi Chen, Yang Sun
2023, 13(7): 726-744.   doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.013
[Abstract](618) [PDF 9014KB](305)
Abstract:
Colorectal tumors often create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents them from responding to immunotherapy. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive natural active ingredient from the cannabis plant that has various pharmacological effects, including neuroprotective, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. This study aimed to elucidate the specific anticancer mechanism of CBD by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) technologies. Here, we report that CBD inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Our single-cell transcriptome and ATAC sequencing results showed that CBD suppressed M2-like macrophages and promoted M1-like macrophages in tumors both in strength and quantity. Furthermore, CBD significantly enhanced the interaction between M1-like macrophages and tumor cells and restored the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of macrophages, thereby preventing tumor progression. Mechanistically, CBD altered the metabolic pattern of macrophages and related anti-tumor signaling pathways. We found that CBD inhibited the alternative activation of macrophages and shifted the metabolic process from oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway and related downstream target genes. Furthermore, CBD-mediated macrophage plasticity enhanced the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in xenografted mice. Taken together, we provide new insights into the anti-tumor effects of CBD.