Recent insights into the roles and therapeutic potentials of GLS1 in inflammatory diseases

Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) is a crucial enzyme that serves as the initial rate-limiting factor in glutaminolysis, a metabolic process that releases various factors that influence biological processes such as development, differentiation, and immune responses. Several studies have systematically investigated the crucial role of GLS1 in cancer. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between GLS1 and inflammation. In this review, we present a detailed examination of GLS1, and discuss its structure, function, and role in inflammatory pathways. Here, we summarize the evidence supporting GLS1's involvement in several inflammatory diseases and explore the potential therapeutic applications of GLS1 inhibitors. We found that GLS1 plays a crucial regulatory role in inflammation by mediating glutaminolysis. Targeting GLS1, such as through the use of GLS1 inhibitors, can effectively alleviate inflammation induced by GLS1. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with investigating GLS1 function and developing targeted inhibitors, and propose practical solutions that offer valuable insights for the functional exploration and discovery of potential therapeutics aimed at treating inflammatory diseases.