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Wen-Wen Li, Zi-Li Yu, Jun Jia. Urease-powered micro/nanomotors: Current progress and challenges[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101095
Citation: Wen-Wen Li, Zi-Li Yu, Jun Jia. Urease-powered micro/nanomotors: Current progress and challenges[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101095
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Urease-powered micro/nanomotors: Current progress and challenges

doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101095

  • a. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China;

  • b. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 82372102).

  • Received Date: Apr. 26, 2024
  • Accepted Date: Sep. 02, 2024
  • Rev Recd Date: Jun. 26, 2024
  • Available Online: Sep. 06, 2024
    Abstract
  • Enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors (EMNMs) use natural enzymes to facilitate the decomposition of fuels, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glucose, triglycerides, and urea to provide power. EMNMs can achieve self-propulsion through the in situ utilization of biofuels without additional fuels, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and significant potential for application in the biomedical field. Compared with H2O2, which may cause oxidative damage to the body, urea exhibits superior biosafety characteristics. Presently, urease-powered MNMs (UMNMs) have made notable progress in their applications in the biomedical field and have garnered considerable attention from researchers. In this review, we present the latest advancements in the biomedical field of UMNMs, primarily focusing on: 1) diverse materials used for constructing the fundamental framework of motors; 2) control of motor movement through the regulation of enzymatic reaction rates; and 3) research directions for the clinical application of motors including in vivo imaging, biomarker detection, cancer treatment, optical therapy, overcoming biological barriers, antibacterial interventions, antithrombotic strategies, and gastric disease management. Despite showing immense potential in biomedical applications, there are still several challenges impeding its practical implementation, such as maintaining activity in the in vivo environment while accurately targeting specific sites to achieve the desired clinical therapeutic effects.
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