Nanotechnology-enabled strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier for glioma treatment

Yang Xuan; Jiangmei Luo; Mingfan Zhang; Yinan Zhao; Shubiao Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101643

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Yang Xuan, Jiangmei Luo, Mingfan Zhang, Yinan Zhao, Shubiao Zhang. Nanotechnology-enabled strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier for glioma treatment[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101643

Citation:

Yang Xuan, Jiangmei Luo, Mingfan Zhang, Yinan Zhao, Shubiao Zhang. Nanotechnology-enabled strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier for glioma treatment[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101643

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Nanotechnology-enabled strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier for glioma treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101643

Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China

Funds:

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.: 82001894, and U23A20488), Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province (Program No.: 2023JH2/101600018), Basic Scientific Research Program of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province (Program No.: LJ212412026010), Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Dalian (Grant Nos.: 2022JJ12SN046, 2023JJ11CG007 and 2023RJ005), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.: 044420250048, 044420250049 and 044420250050), Youth Scientific Research Program of Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education (No number assigned).

Received Date: Nov. 27, 2025
Accepted Date: Apr. 22, 2026
Rev Recd Date: Apr. 21, 2026
Available Online: Apr. 24, 2026

Abstract

Abstract

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain; however, it also severely limits drug delivery during glioma therapy. Notably, promising nanotechnology solutions provide biocompatible platforms with improved targeting, enhanced stability, and controlled release. This review outlines the physiological features of the BBB and summarizes the recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled strategies for glioma theranostics. In this review, the following three major approaches are highlighted: (i) crossing the BBB via transcellular transport, including carrier-mediated, receptor-mediated, and adsorption-mediated transcytosis; (ii) enhancing the BBB permeability with physical or chemical modulation, including focused ultrasound, hypertonic agents, electroporation, and magnetic stimulation; and (iii) bypassing the BBB by administering drugs via intrathecal, convection-enhanced, and intranasal routes as well as laser interstitial thermotherapy. Despite substantial advancements, challenges persist, including an incomplete understanding of penetration mechanisms, safety concerns, and the lack of reliable translational models. Thus, integrating nanotechnology with innovative delivery strategies provides promising strategies for more effective and precise glioma theranostics.
- glioma,
- blood–brain barrier,
- blood–tumor barrier,
- nanotechnology,
- nano-drug delivery systems

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References(140)

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