Natural product-based strategies targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, drug delivery, and clinical trials

Gaoshuang Fu; Mingmin Pan; Qingling Sun; Guangxin Yue; Tong Lei

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101535

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Gaoshuang Fu, Mingmin Pan, Qingling Sun, Guangxin Yue, Tong Lei. Natural product-based strategies targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, drug delivery, and clinical trials[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101535

Citation:

Gaoshuang Fu, Mingmin Pan, Qingling Sun, Guangxin Yue, Tong Lei. Natural product-based strategies targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, drug delivery, and clinical trials[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101535

Citation:

Gaoshuang Fu, Mingmin Pan, Qingling Sun, Guangxin Yue, Tong Lei. Natural product-based strategies targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, drug delivery, and clinical trials[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101535

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Natural product-based strategies targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, drug delivery, and clinical trials

doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101535

Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China

Funds:

We are grateful for the support of The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes (Grants Nos.: ZZ17-YQ-033, YZX-202403, CYZ-202514 and ZZ18-YQ-060)

Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 82405385).

Received Date: Jun. 12, 2025
Accepted Date: Dec. 17, 2025
Rev Recd Date: Dec. 15, 2025
Available Online: Dec. 19, 2025

Abstract

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), exacerbating disease progression. Due to their multi-target mechanisms and favorable safety profiles, natural products have gradually emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating neuroinflammation and improving the symptoms in AD. This study aims to review the pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of natural products in the treatment of AD, and explore the drug delivery forms of natural products, such as self-assembly and nanoparticle loading. The natural products targeting neuroinflammation were summarized, such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, curcumin and resveratrol, and their mechanisms in ameliorating AD-related cognitive impairment. Additionally, it was highlighted the progress of clinical trials involving natural products for AD treatment, analyzing their potential in improving cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms, and slowing disease progression in AD patients. Finally, the challenges and future directions of natural products in AD therapy were discussed, emphasizing the importance of enhancing their bioavailability and developing novel drug delivery systems. This review may provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for research on natural products targeting neuroinflammation to improve cognitive impairment and mental symptom in AD.
- Alzheimer's disease,
- Natural products,
- Inflammation,
- Drug delivery system,
- Cognitive impairment

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References(143)

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