Protein S-palmitoylation: Potential strategy for inflammation-related diseases

S-palmitoylation represents a dynamic and reversible modification wherein palmitate forms covalent bonds with cysteine residues in proteins, thereby modifying their localization, stability, signaling pathways, and protein-protein interactions. Aberrations in S-palmitoylation are associated with the progression of various diseases, particularly inflammatory conditions. This association can be attributed to its regulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and its influence on immune cell functions, including macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells (NK cells). This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the impact of S-palmitoylation on inflammation-related diseases through examination of its regulatory roles in PRRs and immune cell functions. The objective is to illuminate the underlying mechanisms and regulatory networks involved in inflammation-related diseases.