a. Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China;
b. Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China;
c. Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China;
d. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China;
e. Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning China;
f. School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China;
g. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
Funds:
Grants from "Xing Liao Talent Program" of Liaoning Province (No. XLYC2203156) and Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 20170520001) are greatly acknowledged.
Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) have received considerable attention for biomedical applications due to their unique structural features, including high specific surface area, adjustable pore size, and remarkable biocompatibility. These properties have addressed key challenges such as inefficiencies in drug loading and release, minimizing the side effects associated with conventional treatments. In this review, the classification and the research progress of MCNs are summarized firstly, the preparation and modification techniques to enhance their functionality and properties are further reviewed, the main physicochemical properties are introduced as well, highlighting their contributions to MCNs in applications. In addition, the biomedical applications of MCNs are emphasized, including tumor therapy, tumor theranostics, antibacterial, delivery of active molecules and biological detection. Finally, the prospects and challenges of clinical application based on MCNs are analyzed to provide an effective reference and lay the foundation for further research.