Recent advances in nanomaterial-based optical biosensors and their biomedical and biopharmaceutical applications

doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101349

• Mengjia Xu^1,2 , 
• Lutfun Nahar^{3 ,  ,}  , 
• Kenneth J. Ritchie⁴ , 
• Chenxu Wang¹ , 
• Li Cheng⁵ , 
• Zimiao Wu⁵ , 
• Satyajit D. Sarker^{4 ,  ,}  , 
• Mingquan Guo^{1 ,  ,} 

• 1 Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China;

• 2 College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China;

• 3 Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic;

• 4 Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK;

• 5 Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, China